Emma

EMMA JANE AUSTEN was born on 16 December 1775 at Steventon, near Basingstoke, the seventh child of the rector of the parish. She lived with her family at Steventon until they moved to Bath when her father retired in 1801. After his death in 1805, she moved around with her mother; in 1809 they settled in Chawton, near Alton, Hampshire. Here she remained, except for a few visits to London, until May 1817, when she moved to Winchester to be near her doctor. There she died on 18 July 1817. Jane Austen was extremely modest about her own genius, describing her work to her nephew, Edward, as ‘the little bit (two inches wide) of ivory, on which I work with so fine a brush, as produces little effect after much labour’. As a girl she wrote stories, including burlesques of popular romances. Her works were published only after much revision, four novels being published in her lifetime. These are Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma (1815). Two other novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion, were published posthumously in 1818 with a biographical notice by her brother, Henry Austen, the first formal announcement of her authorship. Persuasion was written in a race against failing health in 1815–16. She also left two earlier compositions, a short epistolary novel, Lady Susan, and an unfinished novel, The Watsons. At the time of her death, she was working on a new novel, Sanditon, a fragmentary draft of which survives. FIONA STAFFORD is a Reader at the University of Oxford, and a Fellow and Tutor in English at Somerville College. Her books include Starting Lines in Scottish, English and Irish Poetry; The Last of the Race: The Growth of a Myth from Milton to Darwin; and The Sublime Savage: James Macpherson and the Poems of Ossian. She has also written essays on Jane Austen, Mary Shelley, James Macpherson, Hugh Blair, The Edinburgh Review, James Hogg and eighteenth- and nineteenth-century poetry. CLAIRE LAMONT is Textual Adviser for the works of Jane Austen in Penguin Classics. JANE AUSTEN Emma Edited with an Introduction and Notes by FIONA STAFFORD